Author's Note:

The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is one of the most unusual looking monkeys in the world. This reddish-orange monkey is named after its huge pendulous nose. It is also called monyet belanda (Dutch monkey) or orang belanda (Dutchman) in Malay / Indonesian as local people thought this red faced, big nosed, pot bellied monkey resembled the Dutch colonists.

Male proboscis monkeys with larger noses attract more females to their harem. Research has found that a bigger nose alters the monkey's vocalizations so that the male's bulk and nose size is communicated to females in faraway locations. The sound impresses females and can intimidate other males. Larger noses also alter the males' mating calls in ways that signal their visual attractiveness. It also amplifies his warning call when danger threatens. The bigger the nose a male proboscis monkey has, the likelier it is that he'll have a large, multi-female harem. Males with smaller facial features more often live in bachelor groups. Nose size matters for these monkeys.

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